Radium commonly forms Ra2+ in introductory ionic compounds.
Radium is 2+ — RaCl2, RaSO4 — a straight-down-the-group alkaline earth. That very ordinariness was the tragedy: the body files Ra2+ into bone exactly as it does Ca2+, where its radioactivity then does its work, as the Radium Girls' story taught the world.
Element
Radium
Symbol
Ra
Atomic number
88
Common ionic charge
+2
Common ions
Ra2+
Visual reference
Radium element image and atomic model
Images are used as visual references; charge rules still depend on the compound.
Radium sample imagegrenadier, CC BY 3.0 <https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0>, via Wikimedia CommonsOriginal image sourceRadium Bohr modelAtomic model image from the open Periodic-Table-JSON dataset. It is a simplified electron-shell reference, not a scale drawing.Original Bohr model source
Why Radium lets go of two electrons
Radium is [Rn]7s2, and both 7s electrons leave on the barium pattern. Its salts follow barium's solubility rules almost line by line (insoluble sulfate, soluble chloride) — chemistry so predictable that Marie Curie could purify it from tons of pitchblende by classical crystallization alone.
Where Radium formulas usually go wrong
Assuming radium's glow was the radium itself. Radium paint glowed green because its radiation excited zinc sulfide phosphor mixed with it; pure radium salts self-glow faintly blue. Either way the light advertised decay — energy that was simultaneously destroying the dial-painters' jaws.
Worked example: Ra in a formula problem
Write the formula for radium sulfate and connect it to radium's history.
Ra2+ with SO4 2- gives RaSO4 — even less soluble than barium sulfate, the property Curie exploited to drag radium out of ore, fraction by patient fraction, in four years of crystallizations.
Ra2+ in real compounds
RaCl2
Radium chloride
Ra2+ balances chloride ions.
RaO
Radium oxide
Radium can form oxides where total positive and negative charge balances.
Questions students ask about radium
Is any radium still used in medicine?
Yes — Ra-223 chloride treats prostate-cancer bone metastases: doctors deliberately harness the Ca2+ mimicry, sending an alpha emitter straight to diseased bone. The old villain's mechanism, repurposed as targeting.
Why did watch dials use radium instead of safer glowing chemistry?
Nothing safer existed: radioluminescence needed no charging and lasted years (Ra-226's half-life is 1,600 years). Chemistry knew Ra2+ was a bone-seeker only after the dial-painters fell ill — the case that founded occupational-health law.
How does radium enter houses today?
Indirectly: Ra-226 in soil and stone decays to radon gas, which seeps indoors. Every basement radon test is, one step removed, a radium test.